Introduction Discovered almost a century ago, insulin remains a cornerstone of therapy for diabetes mellitus—a global health challenge characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and/or insufficient insulin secretion. Beyond diabetes, insulin also plays pivotal roles in metabolic research and critical care (e.g., hyperkalemia management). Fundamentally, insulin drives glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissue, regulates hepatic glucose output, … Read more
Introduction to Anticancer Drugs: Anticancer drugs are medications that inhibit the development and spread of cancerous cells. They achieve this by interfering with the DNA and RNA that cause cell division. Since cancer cells divide more rapidly than normal cells, they are more susceptible to these drugs. Classification of Anticancer Drugs: 1. Alkylating Agents: 2. … Read more
Introduction Alteplase (also referred to as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator or rt-PA) is a cornerstone of thrombolytic therapy, widely used to treat acute ischemic stroke, acute myocardial infarction, and other thromboembolic conditions. As a bioengineered form of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), alteplase exerts its therapeutic effect by converting plasminogen to plasmin, thereby dissolving clots that obstruct blood flow … Read more