excretion

Sodium Channel Blockers (SCBs)

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Sodium Channel Blockers

Introduction Sodium (Na⁺) channels are integral membrane proteins responsible for the rapid upstroke (phase 0) of the action potential in excitable cells such as neurons and cardiomyocytes. By selectively perming sodium ions across membranes, these channels facilitate depolarization, triggering electrical signals essential for neurotransmission, skeletal muscle contraction, and cardiac conduction. As a result, therapeutic modulation … Read more

Drug Interactions

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drug interactions

Introduction Drug interactions are a central topic in clinical pharmacology, profoundly impacting therapeutic efficacy, safety, and patient outcomes. While drug interactions are often discussed in terms of adverse effects or prescribing errors, they also provide opportunities for clinical synergy, rational polypharmacy, and new drug discovery when properly understood. Given the complexity and ubiquity of polypharmacy, … Read more