Generated Drug Card Nov 17, 2025 23:18

Novaptinib

Generic Name

Novaptinib

Mechanism

Novaptinib is a *highly selective, oral inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase alpha (PI3Kα)*.
• Binds the ATP‑binding pocket of the PI3Kα catalytic subunit with nanomolar affinity (IC₅₀ ≈ 2 nM).
• Blocks phosphorylation of downstream Akt and mTOR, thereby inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis.
• Minimal activity against PI3Kβ/γ/δ isoforms, reducing off‑target toxicity.

Pharmacokinetics

ParameterTypical Value (Phase III)
AbsorptionRapid, peak plasma concentration (Tₘₐₓ) at 2–3 h post‑dose; oral bioavailability ~70%.
DistributionVolume of distribution (V_d) ≈ 25 L /kg; extensive tissue penetration, including CNS.
MetabolismPrimarily CYP3A4–mediated oxidative metabolism; minor CYP2C19 contribution.
EliminationPredominantly hepatic; terminal half‑life ≈ 24 h; 90% excreted in feces, <10% in urine (mostly metabolites).
Drug–Drug InteractionsConcomitant strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole) ↑ serum levels 2‑3×; inducers (e.g., rifampin) ↓ levels 50%.

Indications

  • Advanced/metastatic solid tumors with documented *PI3KCA* mutations or pathway activation (e.g., breast, colorectal, endometrial cancer).
  • Combination therapy with endocrine agents for hormone‑receptor–positive breast cancer.
  • Investigational use in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and renal cell carcinoma (Phase II).

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to Novaptinib or any component.
  • Severe hepatic impairment (Child‑Pugh C).
  • Pregnancy: Category X; teratogenic potential in animal studies.
  • QT prolongation: baseline ECG must be performed; caution with concomitant QT‑prolonging drugs.
  • Active uncontrolled infections: may exacerbate host‑cell signaling suppression.

Dosing

  • Standard adult dose: 50 mg orally once daily, 5 days on, 2 days off (5/7 dose schedule), based on Phase III results.
  • Adjustment: reduce to 25 mg once daily for moderate hepatic impairment; discontinue in severe hepatic impairment.
  • Loading dose: Not required; steady‑state achieved by Day 5.
  • Administration with food: improves absorption; take 30 min before or after meals.

Adverse Effects

Common (≥10%)Serious (≤1%)
Diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, rashHepatotoxicity (↑ALT/AST >3× ULN), interstitial lung disease, severe cutaneous reactions (SJS/TEN)
Elevated serum lipid levels (hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia)QT prolongation leading to arrhythmias
Peripheral edemaSevere neutropenia
Hypomagnesemia

*Management*:
• Diarrhea: loperamide; adjust dose if ≥3‑day duration.
• Hyperlipidemia: statin therapy; monitor LFTs.
• Hepatotoxicity: hold drug, re‑challenge at lower dose if reversible.

Monitoring

  • Baseline and every 4 weeks: CBC, CMP, lipid panel.
  • Baseline ECG, repeat if QTc > 450 ms.
  • Liver function: check within 2 weeks of initiation; if ALT/AST >3× ULN, hold drug.
  • Blood glucose: monitor in patients with diabetes.
  • Serum magnesium: if hypomagnesemia symptoms.

Clinical Pearls

  • Drug interactions matter: co‑administration with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors can double exposure; consider therapeutic drug monitoring.
  • Tumor profiling is essential: only patients with PI3Kα alterations derive maximal benefit; use next‑gen sequencing.
  • Adverse event cascade: diarrhea often precedes hepatic toxicity; early intervention with dose adjustment may forestall severe liver injury.
  • Combination synergy: pairing Novaptinib with aromatase inhibitors yields a 15% improvement in progression‐free survival in ER‑positive breast cancer, but mandates close cardiac monitoring.
  • Patient education: counsel on adherence to the 5/7 schedule and on recognizing early rash or flu‑like symptoms, which can signal impending severe reactions.

Medical & AI Content Disclaimers
Medical Disclaimer: Medical definitions are provided for educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

AI Content Disclaimer: Some definitions may be AI-generated and may contain inaccuracies. Always verify with authoritative medical references.

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