Home Pharmacology CVS Pharmacology of Thiazide Diuretics

Pharmacology of Thiazide Diuretics

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thiazide diuretics
#thiazide diuretics

Mechanism of Action:

Thiazide diuretics act primarily on the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) in the kidneys. They inhibit the sodium-chloride symporter, leading to a decrease in the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions. This results in increased excretion of water, sodium, and chloride, thereby reducing blood volume and blood pressure.

Thiazide Diuretics MOA
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Pharmacokinetics:

  • Absorption: Generally well-absorbed orally.
  • Distribution: Widely distributed in the body; some are protein-bound.
  • Metabolism: Minimal liver metabolism.
  • Excretion: Primarily renal excretion.

Drug Examples:

  • Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ): Most commonly used; often combined with other antihypertensive agents.
  • Chlorthalidone: Longer-acting, often used for hypertension.
  • Indapamide: Also has vasodilatory properties.

Clinical Use:

  1. Hypertension: First-line treatment for many cases.
  2. Mild Heart Failure: Used in combination with other drugs.
  3. Edema: Less potent than loop diuretics but still effective.
  4. Kidney Stones: Can help prevent calcium-based kidney stones.

Side Effects:

  • Hypokalemia: Low potassium levels
  • Hyponatremia: Low sodium levels
  • Hypercalcemia: High calcium levels
  • Hyperglycemia: High blood sugar levels
  • Hyperlipidemia: High lipid levels

Drug Interactions:

  • ACE Inhibitors: Increased risk of hyperkalemia.
  • Digoxin: Increased risk of digoxin toxicity due to hypokalemia.
  • NSAIDs: Reduced diuretic effect.

Contraindications:

Understanding the pharmacology of thiazide diuretics is essential for healthcare providers to effectively treat conditions like hypertension and mild heart failure while minimizing side effects.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be taken as medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before making any decisions related to medication or treatment.

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Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always seek the advice of a healthcare provider with any questions regarding a medical condition.

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